BIG BROTHER WATCH AND OTHERS v. THE UNITED KINGDOM JUDGMENT
(c) GCHQ.........................................................................................................37
(d) Counter-Terrorism Act 2008......................................................................38
(e) The Data Protection Act 1998 (“DPA”).....................................................38
(f) The Official Secrets Act 1989 (“OSA”) .....................................................38
(g) The Human Rights Act 1998 (“HRA”) ......................................................39
3. The Interception of Communications Code of Practice .....................................39
C. Acquisition of communications data............................................................40
1. Chapter II of RIPA..............................................................................................40
2. The Acquisition and Disclosure of Communications Data: Code of
Practice..............................................................................................................41
3. News Group and Others v. The Commissioner of Police of the
Metropolis IPT/14/176/H, 17 December 2015 .................................................69
4. The Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 .....................................................71
D. IPT practice and procedure ..........................................................................71
1.
2.
3.
4.
RIPA ...................................................................................................................71
The Investigatory Powers Tribunal Rules 2000 (“the Rules”) ...........................72
IPT ruling on preliminary issues of law .............................................................73
Counsel to the Tribunal ......................................................................................75
E. Oversight ......................................................................................................75
F. Reviews of interception operations by the intelligence service ...................76
1. Intelligence and Security Committee of Parliament: July 2013 Statement
on GCHQ’s alleged interception of communications under the US
PRISM programme ...........................................................................................76
2. Privacy and security: a modern and transparent legal framework......................77
3. “A Question of Trust”: Report of the Investigatory Powers Review by
the Independent Reviewer of Terrorism Legislation (“the Anderson
Report”).............................................................................................................79
4. A Democratic Licence to Operate: Report of the Independent
Surveillance Review (“ISR”)............................................................................81
5. Report of the Bulk Powers Review ....................................................................82
6. Attacks in London and Manchester March-June 2017: Independent
Assessment of MI5 and Police Internal Reviews .............................................83
7. Annual Report of the Interception of Communications Commissioner for
2016...................................................................................................................85
(a) Section 8(4) warrants..................................................................................85
(b) Acquisition of communications data under Chapter II of RIPA ................88
G. The Investigatory Powers Act 2016.............................................................89
H. Relevant international law ...........................................................................91
1. The United Nations.............................................................................................91
(a) Resolution no. 68/167 on The Right to Privacy in the Digital Age ...........91
(b) The Constitution of the International Telecommunication Union
1992............................................................................................................91
(c) The 2006 Annual Report of the International Law Commission ...............91