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désignation des services spécialisés de renseignement (Decree No 2015‑1185 of 28 September 2015
designating specialised intelligence services) (Journal Officiel de la République Française (JORF)
of 29 September 2015, text 1 of 97; ‘Decree No 2015‑1185’); décret n° 2015‑1211 du 1er octobre
2015 relatif au contentieux de la mise en œuvre des techniques de renseignement soumises à
autorisation et des fichiers intéressant la sûreté de l’État (Decree No 2015‑1211 of 1 October 2015
on litigation relating to the implementation of intelligence techniques subject to authorisation and
files on matters of State security) (JORF of 2 October 2015, text 7 of 108; ‘Decree No 2015‑1211’),
décret n° 2015‑1639 du 11 décembre 2015 relatif à la désignation des services autres que les
services spécialisés de renseignement, autorisés à recourir aux techniques mentionnées au titre V du
livre VIII du code de la sécurité intérieure, pris en application de l’article L. 811‑4 du code de la
sécurité intérieure (Decree No 2015‑1639 of 11 December 2015 on the designation of services other
than the specialist intelligence services which are authorised to use the techniques referred to in
Title V of Book VIII of the Internal Security Code, adopted pursuant to Article L. 811‑4 thereof)
(JORF of 12 December 2015, text 28 of 127; ‘Decree No 2015‑1639’), and décret n° 2016‑67 du
29 janvier 2016 relatif aux techniques de recueil de renseignement (Decree No 2016‑67 of
29 January 2016 on intelligence gathering techniques) (JORF of 31 January 2016, text 2 of 113;
‘Decree No 2016‑67’).
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The request in Case C‑512/18 has been made in proceedings between French Data Network, La
Quadrature du Net and the Fédération des fournisseurs d’accès à Internet associatifs, on the one
hand, and the Prime Minister (France) and the Keeper of the Seals, Minister for Justice (France), on
the other, concerning the lawfulness of Article R. 10‑13 of the code des postes et des
communications électroniques (Post and Electronic Communications Code; ‘the CPCE’) and décret
n° 2011‑219 du 25 février 2011 relatif à la conservation et à la communication des données
permettant d’identifier toute personne ayant contribué à la création d’un contenu mis en ligne
(Decree No 2011‑219 of 25 February 2011 on the retention and communication of data that can be
used to identify any person having assisted in the creation of content posted online) (JORF of
1 March 2011, text 32 of 170; ‘Decree No 2011‑219’).
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The request in Case C‑520/18 has been made in proceedings between the Ordre des barreaux
francophones et germanophone, the Académie Fiscale ASBL, UA, the Liga voor Mensenrechten
ASBL, the Ligue des Droits de l’Homme ASBL, VZ, WY and XX, on the one hand, and the
Conseil des ministres (Council of Ministers, Belgium), on the other, concerning the lawfulness of
the loi du 29 mai 2016 relative à la collecte et à la conservation des données dans le secteur des
communications électroniques (Law of 29 May 2016 on the collection and retention of data in the
electronic telecommunications sector) (Moniteur belge of 18 July 2016, p. 44717; ‘the Law of
29 May 2016’).
Legislative framework
EU law
Directive 95/46
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Directive 95/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 October 1995 on the
protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of
such data (OJ 1995 L 281, p. 31) was repealed with effect from 25 May 2018 by Regulation (EU)
2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of
natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such
data, and repealing Directive 95/46 (OJ 2016 L 119, p 1). Article 3(2) of Directive 95/46 provided:
‘This Directive shall not apply to the processing of personal data:
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in the course of an activity which falls outside the scope of Community law, such as those
provided for by Titles V and VI of the Treaty on European Union and in any case to
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